Inspired by similar German and French designs, Russian halftrack development started in the late 30s, resulting in the somehow crude looking
GAZ-60 and
ZiS-22 halftracks, both based on civilian wheeled trucks.
ZiS-5V with an improved halftrack suspension and called it ZiS-42, according to the year of production start. With a stronger 76 hp engine and a frontal brushguard protection, the vehicle received the »M« suffix for »modified«.
Of both types, almost 6,000 were produced until 1945, with one prototype, the armoured ZIS-43, even carrying the domestic 37mm 61-K AT gun.
Underpowered and with a tremendous fuel consumption, the ZiS-42(M) wasn't the definite solution for the notorious bad road conditions, but instead it was a valuable stopgap until the arrival of the Lend-Lease all-wheel-drive trucks.